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Fungal contamination of contact lenses
Microbial corneal infection is the most serious and "most common vision threatening" complication of contact lens wear, which is believed to be strongly associated with contact lens cases. Such infections "are being increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and blindness" and "may even be life-threatening." While the cornea is believed to be the most common site for fungal eye infections, other parts of the eye such as the orbit, sclera, eyelids, and more may also be involved. Contact lens cases are recognized as a "potential source of pathogens associated with corneal ulcers" and according to Moorfields Eye Hospital, contact lens wear is “the most prevalent risk factor for new cases of corneal ulcers.” Contaminants "isolated from contact lens associated corneal ulcers have often been shown to be" the same as found in the patient's contact lens case, thus providing evidence contaminated contact lens cases may be a "replenishable source of pathogenic microbes."
== Research ==
In the study Acanthamoeba'', bacterial, and fungal contamination of contact lens storage cases'', “101 asymptomatic daily wear cosmetic contact lens wearers” from one contact lens practice were studied to determine the occurrence of fungal, bacterial, and protozoal contamination of contact lens cases. The results of this study found that 24% of “contact lens cases were colonized by fungi” with a “majority growing ''Cladosporium'' species (10/24) or ''Candida'' species (9/24).” Other fungi that were also isolated include ''Fusarium solani, Aspergillus versicolor'', ''Exophiala'', and ''Phoma''. Most of the fungi contaminants were also found to be associated with bacterial contaminants “but on three occasions, fungi were the only microbes isolated.”
According to ''Current Perspectives on Ophthalmic Mycoses'', along with the previously mentioned genus and species of fungi, other species of fungi that predominate in ophthalmic mycoses are ''Scedosporium'' and "dematiaceous fungi." One of the difficulties stated in this study is the accuracy of assessing the identification of the genus or species of the "fungal strain isolated in culture." In one instance, a fungal strain previously identified as ''Arthrobotrys oligospora'' in a patient was "later re-identified as ''Cephaliophora irregularis''." In the same patient, the fungus isolated from "a retained contact lens was identified as ''Scedosporium prolificans''." The issues of fungal identification observed as mentioned in this study do not pertain only to fungal contamination of contact lenses but also to the overall difficulties of fungal identification ''in vitro''.
In the study ''In Vitro Interactions of ''Fusarium'' and ''Acanthamoeba'' with Drying Residues of Multipurpose Contact Lens Solutions'', the "effects of evaporation and drying of multipurpose contact lens solution" was observed on the survival of ''Fusarium''. The results of the study indicate that the drying effect of the disinfectant solution was not completely able to kill off ''Fusarium''. Fusarium was found to "aggregate immediately after introduction" of the solution, indicating the invasive nature of ''Fusarium''. The ''Fusarium'' were found to "redistribute themselves" into "discrete regions of the dried residues" which provides evidence that the use solely of multipurpose contact lens solution to prevent fungal contamination will not suffice. Due to the findings of this study, it is suggested that regular replacement of contact lens cases is essential.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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